Yesterday at the Managerial Accounting study group we drifted at some point on the subject of how the exam methods are different in various countries. This discussion was prompted by a comment from one of our group members from China. We all found the pecularities of examination modes at college/university level, and even more generally, in our respective countries quite interesting.
First, the US. The US educational system is permeated with dominance of standardized test. The most notable are standardized testings at secondary school level, standard tests required for college admission, such as SAT and ACT, graduate level test - GRE, and of course, the last but not the least – GMAT, required for MBA admissions by most business schools not only in the US, but around the world. It’s not a surprise that GMAT takes its origins from the US.
At business schools standardized tests in the form of multiple choice exams seem to be quite prevelant too. So far I have had these exams in one way or another in all of my MBA classes at part-time MBA program at GWSB, except for Business Ethics. Sometimes it was a part of a bigger exam, but it was invariably there.
Outside the common educational sphere one of the well known standardized tests around the world is the IQ test, also originated from the US. Another area of wide application of standardized tests is professional certifications: IT certifications probably take the central stage here with all those credentials sponsored by Microsoft and the likes.
Our group mates from China mentioned about Chinese examination system. In their experience the written tests are more common there. But the most amazing thing for me was the students’ approach to those tests. They said that in written exam you “write everything that crosses your mind, and let professor choose the right answer”. I think it is common among students in any country to try to put as much as possible into their answer and see what flies. But curious part about Chinese exam approach was that it sounded like it was a cultural norm and expectation on both side: the eximiner and the examinee. I specifically liked the part “let professor ch0ose the answer”.
Russian eximination system at undegraduate level is characterized by dominance of oral tests. At the very least it was especially true in liberal arts disciplines until very recently. Oral exams was bread and butter of the Soviet higher education and has been mostly transfered to the modern Russian educational system. One of my acquaintances from Russia told me how she was able to “talk her way out” at the exams in medical school when she was fuzzy on the subject matter of the question. Pretty much the same principle of saying everything you know that is remotely connected to the question or to the subject and waiting to see what sticks. Professors often try to help students by giving them (in)direct hints to eventually lead the student to the right answer or its resemblance. Depends on how unprepared the student is for the exam.
Adoption of the standardized tests has been happenning slowly in Russia in the recent years. The most remarkable is the introduction of so-called “Uniformed State Exam” for the high school graduates, which can be roughly compared to SAT/CAT tests in that it is going to be accepted as the college admission test. However there is an ongoing struggle going around this exam on various levels of the Russian society due to the actual or perceived shortcomings of its development and execution.
I found this pecularities of examination systems quite interesting. Especially to learn about the Chinese practices, as the other two I have known already. But in Russia, may be less so in China, there is another factor that influences the examination system – bribery. It was present, though on a much smaller scale in the Soviet times. Now it seems to be more blatant and rampant. Here is the video I watched on CNN.com recently about this:
Today we had our study group to review and discuss example exam for Managerial Accounting. We were in the meeting for almost 4 hours. First we went very briefly over all the cases we had prepared during the course. This review was very cursory, just to highlight the underlying concepts. We did not delve into actual numbers crunching analysis.
After that we moved to the actual example exam. The answers for the questions in the exam were already in the course pack, only one of us has actually attempted to solve some of the questions without looking into the answers first. I knew if I attempted to do that, four hours would not be enough. So eventually we slid to looking into the answers and discussing them, also correlating the numbers and calculations in the answers with the input information.
A few of the questions did not actually require any calculations. Instead we were asked to draw a diagram of the cost system in the organization or give our opinion/recommendation on making changes to the existing system to better reflect the actual cost allocation.
Our professor in Financial Accounting told us in the last class that Managerial Accounting “does not have any rules”, so in that regard it would be very different and may be somewhat “easier” than Financial Accounting with its quite specific and often stringent rules of presenting and analyzing the data. The example exam had a vivid illustration to that point of having “no rules”. Our favorite question, slightly paraphrased, went like this:
The CEO is considering the performance measure used to evaluate Managers of two company branches.
Why should the performance measures be the same for both branch Managers?
Answer: They conduct the same business, so should be pursuing the same goals.
Why should the performance measures not be the same for both branch Managers?
Answer: The clienteles are very different in the two branches.
Of course I am not giving you the whole case, and intentionally simplify the situation, but still it is quite indicative of the Managerial Accounting methods and approaches. Either answer goes, as long as you can do proper explanation and justification.
Frankly, I did not feel that we used our time in the most productive manner. But it is still probably better than just wasting precious time for exam preparation on writing the blog posts Actually, I am taking this little break from my at-home independent preparation. Bookmark this on Delicious
Today I looked for the first time at the example final exam in the course pack. It really got me anxious. I got the same “numbers anxiety” I had before both of my Financial Accounting exams in the Fall term.
All the concepts that are covered in the exam are pretty much familiar and related to our course work during the module: standard cost system, activity based costing, transfer prices, management control systems, variance analysis, and all other sub-concepts entailed. However we were working on the cases in groups and had all materials available on hand. The actual exam is in closed book/notes format, and we will have to work individually.
The sample exam has total about 20 questions. Our actual one will probably have less, because the example one was designed as take home exam and had 24 hours allowed for completion, whereas our final is going to be in class, only two and a half hours. Still looking at the nature of questions I realize that I will have to review everything we have studied, because none of the questions I was able to answer off the top of my head.
On Saturday we have our study group meeting to discuss and work on the example and to prepare in any way we can for the Managerial Accounting exam. I hope it will help us to formalize and crystalize everything, OK -not everything, but most of what we have learned in the course (hopefully at least something). The time is very short, especially given that I will have to find time for preparation for Global Perspectives too. Admittedly, given its open book format I will spend less time on that preparation than on Accounting.
Professor told us that the exam content: narrative and all accompanying exhibits with numbers, and tables, and diagrams, will be available to us online 24 hours before the exam. But the actual questions will be revealed only at the exam. We can anticipate the kind of questions based on the example exam, but still actual application of the accounting principles we have learned, and calculations will be done in class. I’d better go to sleep now, to be productive tomorrow for the study group and individual studies.
I already announced to the family, as I usually do before the finals week, that I would be unavailable and irresponsive for the next few days until the end of exams. Even more coffee and chocolate – the upside of the stressful week in part-time MBA life, I guess
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